carnation
Dianthus caryophyllus
Herbaceous perennial with fragrant, fringed blooms in many colors; a popular cut flower that prefers full sun, cool conditions, and well-drained soil.
Caution: Toxic to Pets
Toxicity: mildly toxic
Carnations are mildly toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling or gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation from sap or petals.
🌱Care Requirements
Light
Place carnations in a bright spot with at least 4–6 hours of direct morning sun and bright indirect light the rest of the day. Indoors, a south- or west-facing window works well; in hot climates give afternoon shade to prevent leaf scorch.
Water
Keep soil consistently but lightly moist; water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of potting mix is dry. Ensure excellent drainage to avoid waterlogging and root rot. Reduce frequency in cool months and increase during active bloom.
Humidity
Carnations prefer average indoor humidity (around 40–60%). Avoid high humidity and stagnant air which promote fungal disease; provide good ventilation and moderate room humidity.
Temperature
Best kept between 12–24°C (54–75°F). They tolerate brief lows to about 7°C (45°F) but suffer in prolonged heat above 27°C (80°F).
🔧Common Problems & Solutions
Yellowing, soft stems and wilting
Cause: Overwatering leading to root rot or poor drainage
Solution: Allow soil to dry to the top 2–3 cm between waterings, repot into well-draining soil, trim affected roots and improve drainage
White powdery coating on leaves
Cause: Powdery mildew from high humidity and poor air circulation
Solution: Increase ventilation, reduce humidity, remove infected foliage, apply fungicide if persistent and avoid overhead watering
Clusters of small insects on buds and shoots
Cause: Aphids or spider mites attracted during warm dry weather
Solution: Blast with water, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, isolate affected plants and encourage predators like ladybugs
Pale leaves with green veins
Cause: Nutrient deficiency (often iron or root-bound plants)
Solution: Fertilize with a balanced or iron-chelate feed, check pH and repot into fresh mix if root-bound
✂️How to Propagate carnation
Stem cuttings: take 7–10 cm non-flowering shoots in spring or early summer, remove lower leaves, dip in rooting hormone, and place in a moist, well-draining mix under mist or bright indirect light until rooted. Division: lift clumps in spring, separate crowns with healthy roots and replant. Seed: sow indoors 8–10 weeks before last frost, keep evenly moist and warm until germination.
🌍Origin & Background
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Native to: Native to the Mediterranean region, especially southern Europe and nearby islands.
Natural Habitat: Grows on sunny, rocky slopes and open meadows with alkaline, well-draining soils; experiences warm days, cool nights, and moderate rainfall typical of temperate Mediterranean climates.
🗓Seasonal Care Guide
Winter
Reduce watering and feed less; keep plants bright and protected from frost. Maintain cool indoor temps above 7°C (45°F) and remove dead foliage to deter disease.
Spring
Resume regular watering and monthly balanced feeding, transplant or divide if crowded, and deadhead spent flowers to encourage further bloom.
Summer
Provide morning sun and afternoon shade in hot climates, increase watering slightly, mulch outdoors to retain moisture, and monitor for pests and heat stress.
Fall
Cut back spent stems, taper feeding and water as growth slows, move potted plants to a sheltered bright spot and prepare beds for cooler weather.
❓Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I water carnations?
Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, typically every 5–10 days depending on temperature, pot size and season.
Do carnations need full sun?
Yes; they bloom best with at least 4–6 hours of direct sun daily and bright indirect light the rest of the day.
Can I grow carnations in a pot?
Absolutely. Use a deep, well-draining potting mix, a container with drainage holes, and ensure bright light and regular deadheading.
How do I encourage carnations to rebloom?
Regular deadheading of spent blooms, consistent feeding with a balanced fertilizer, and adequate light encourage repeat flowering.
Are carnations toxic to pets?
Carnations are mildly toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset and possible skin irritation.
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Last updated: 11/7/2025